Thursday, 7 June 2018

L05: Evaluation after feedback and how to minimise the risk of negative effects

L05: Evaluation after feedback and how to minimise risk of negative effects. 

Evaluation 
As a whole the pitched product was a success, with a range of feedback being given. A key comment I took from this was with regards to the feasibility, after pitching the product it was noted that the app was “very feasible”. This was further supported with it being said that the Seven Peaks app has good unique selling point and target market, with an “original and excellent idea”. 

However, there were also some questions outlined as part of the feedback. For example it was asked how the product could be advertised thoroughly to meet the audience, with an emphasis of more traditional/ below the line methods. Subsequently, I could diversify the marketing methods of the app and included below the line marketing methods ranging from direct mail campaigns to targeted search engine marketing, both of which would thoroughly target the intended audience and likely improve the impact and chance of users going on to download the app. It was also mentioned that they would like to see more on development with regards to navigation of the app. This could be achieved by going into greater detail into how the app works and better develop the mock ups with things such as interactive displays and allowing interaction with a initial version of the app as part of the physical pitch. The question of which shops would stock the product in terms of distribution and whether it would solely be app stores, was also raised. To answer this I would say that predominantly it would initially be featured in app stores such as the play store and apples App Store, due to the nature of it being a app. However, as the brand develops and the app broadens it could result in the distribution of merchandise of even technologies which would assist the app and further its capabilities in physical shops. One such real world example of this would be the Garmin heart rate sensors and sensors, these are accessories sold by Garmin which work with the Garmin smartphone app, a similar principle could be adapted by the seven peaks brand and app. 


Minimising risk of negative effects
As part of the development of the app it is also key to minimise  the risk of negative effects in order to make a successful and appealing product. In order minimise ethical or social risks I would ensure that the app closely follows several different laws, acts and procedures. One such act is the obscene publications act. To avoid breaching this act it will be ensured that all the content is suitable for the public and the age of those using the app, meaning there will be no explicit content featured. In addition to this, the content of the app will no include topics that would be slanderous or have a negative impact. 

However, the app would feature a forum and comments section which would be harder to regulate and those using the app could post what they wanted. Therefore, to try minimise the risk of breaching this act and minimalist the risk to the audience it will be routinely checked and measures put in place to ensure the content is suitable for the target audience, such as blocking the use of specific words or terms meaning that may be deemed offensive so they cannot be posted. 

Other things which could pose a legal risk to audiences would be the use of data. The app would collect several pieces of information about the user and if not handled correctly this could result in legal harm to the audience as if it is not stored securely it could ultimately be used in a malicious way. To avoid this the data protection act will be closely followed, this involves making sure that the information is, used fairly and lawfully, used for limited specific stated purposes, kept for no longer than is absolutely necessary, handled according to peoples data protection rights and is kept safe and secure. If these are not strictly followed it could result with severe repercussions and legal prosecutions due to the sensitivity of the information held also. 


Furthermore, a common theme within the app industry and social side to common applications is the issue of “trolling”. This is a rising issue and could result in damaging the reputation of the app itself, in addition to dramatically affecting the user base in a negative way. To avoid this social risk to the audience, measures would be put in place. This would include things such as implementing features which enable users to report or block content posted which they deem unacceptable or offensive. In addition to this, there would also be people as part of the team which frequently monitor and moderate the app to ensure the content and users follow the app guidelines.

Wednesday, 6 June 2018

LO5: Presentation









LO4: How audiences will be targeted

How audiences will be targeted, ideas for ADVERTISING AND MARKETING to find the USP of the project.

In order to reach the intended target audience the app will be advertised and marketed in several wats. The main way in which it would be advertised is through social media. In this modern age a high social media profile is invaluable when promoting a business or product. Therefore it would be beneficial to create a social page on each of the main channels such as facebook, instagram and twitter. From this promotional material can be uploaded and easily distributed to a large number of people. Furthermore, this method of adversing is free of cost making it extremely effective and beneficial for the company. Alternatively, there can also be paid promotions within these sites. This means below the line marketing methods could be used. For a small fee the page can be promoted to users interested in the topic or to a specific age range, location and gender of the target audience. The development of web3.0 has allowed such advancements and means that the app could be directly targeted at its intended user base. To further enhance this, giveaways and prizes could be implemented, this is a well proven technique which is successful at increasing a social media following and engaging with large numbers of potential users. Another way in which this could be utilized is through collaborating with another company. For example if a company was to sponsor the giveaway it would receive potential new customers which have came from the app and the app would also likely receive new users which have came from the sponsor, making it mutually beneficial for both and further broadening its reach.

Furthermore, the app would be marketed and advertised within the brands magazine. The ability to use the larger structure of the brand and horizontal integration would mean that by advertising via the magazine it is a cheap, readily available and effective method of marketing. Furthermore, it directly targets the specific audience for the app, which would dramatically improve its success of gaining users, with magazine also being distributed to a large volume of people/ potential users.

LO4: Channels of distribution

POST NINE: LO4 CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION
The proposed app will be distributed in several ways. As a result of the development of web 2.0 it means the app can be download in any location due to the interactive web enabling this. Most commonly, this will be done via a smart phone or similar device, again which has arose due to the convergence of technologies into a singular black box device.

The main distribution channels intended for my app would include the two main distribution chains, Apples 'Appstore and Androids 'Playstore'. This covers the majority of users of blackbox devices as these are the two leading companies in the device industry. Furthermore, the ease of accessibly to such distribution channels for users fits with the ideas of a 'global village' as it means the applications can be connected, dowloaded and shared with distance being of no issue, further broadening the potential user base for the app. These distribution channels are a good idea as they are the leading ones, meaning the majority of users would be using such devices and therefore reasoning why distribute is focused on these two main areas.

Due to the app being part of a preexisting brand which diversifies to magazine production i also plan to use this as a distribution channel. It would be marketed and advertised within the brands magazine. The ability to use the larger structure of the brand and horizontal integration would mean that by advertising via the magazine it is a cheap, readily available and effective method of marketing. Furthermore, it directly targets the specific audience for the app, which would dramatically improve its success of gaining users, with magazine also being distributed to a large volume of people/ potential users. Similarly, to reach a large number of people with the marketing of  the product and a method that is also cheap if not free,would be marketing via social media. Social channels such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter allow you to easily set up a page free of charge whereby you can upload and distribute promotional material to market the product. Techniques such as providing giveaways and prizes would also prove highly successful in drawing in new users.

LO2 Evolution of the marketplace in your sector

POST FIVE: LO2 Evolution of the marketplace in your sector
How have large, traditional media corporations evolved to meet the changes required of converging media markets (e.g. black box, VoD)? Esnure you then explain how this evolution will impact on your proposal / product idea.

Large traditional media corporations are constantly evolving and changing to meet the changes  required by converging media markets. The rise of VOD services such as Netlifx and PrimeVideo has seen a decline in the once traditional way of accessing media products. The ability for users to access media as and when they require due to the new possibilities introduced by these services ultimately resulted in a decline in popularity of scheduled live tv. Subsequently, it can be seen that those producing and distributing content via live television changed and adapted due to the convergence of media and technologies, and its ability for media to now be accessed anytime, anywhere via such blackbox devices as smartphones. This resulted in media corporations such as Channel 4, ITV and the BCC putting a bigger focus the development of their VOD services and even transiting some channels to solely being online. One key example of the would be the channel BBC 3, in recent years it was decided that this channel would no longer run due to falling viewing figures of the channel, not making it beneficial to be run on tv. Therefore, it was transitioned to the BBC's video on demand service, BBC iplayer.

This change in how people access information will also have an impact on my proposal/ planned idea. One such example would be the map/ route functions of the app. Traditionally, maps would be accessed by traditional methods such as map books or print outs. However the development of the web soon irradiated the need for large impractical map books. And this saw the rise of things such as google and bing maps which were readily available maps which could be accessed online. To further this development the introduction of converging technologies meant that this soon transitioned to smart phones, as their cellular connectivity meant they could have internet acces anytime at any place and therefore access maps could be easily and quickly accessed. This impacts my proposal because it means that app is no longer restricted to things such as a hardwired computer connection, or large and cumbersome papers meaning it can be portable and suits the adventurous and rural lifestyle of the intended user base.

LO2 Changing marketplace

POST FOUR: LO2 Changing marketplace
Explain the changing media marketplace and how this has provided the opportunity for the proposed new product.
What is the marketplace you are working in? Is it education? Is it video games? What new organisations in the sector have emerged and how has this created opportunities for new product developments that make your product possible.
ADD TO MERIT FROM LO1 AS M1 CROSSES LO1 and LO2:
How have changing cross industry relationship opportunities have been generated owing to technological convergence, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 and how does this link to your product?

The media marketplace is constantly changing and adapting to suit the ever changing needs of the costumers and those interacting with such medias. These changes come as a result of several different changes and advancements ranging from changes in the marketing itself to how we now consume and access media. Most noticeably, the development of black box devices and the convergence of technology has impacted my proposal. Previously media was confined to the limited number of ways and devices in which it could be accessed. However, now the rapid development of blackbox devices means such devices as smartphones broaden the marketplace with the ability for new features to make accessing and interacting with media easier and quicker. This stage of interactivity is now what is resulting in the change from web 2.0 to web 3.0. This impacts on my proposed product in a both positive and negative way. The rise of web 3.0 and new technological apps/ features could be seen to saturate the market. Therefore this would mean that my app would have to be initiative, original and creative in order to stand out from the vast amount of other apps on the market, as in recent years it is becoming easier and easier for people to create and develop apps which are then distributed on app stores. However these developments in the media market place can digital sector could also be advantageous to my proposal. Previously, marketing methods were predominately above the line which targeted mass audiences, with things such as print adverts and tv/ radio promotional adverts. This is largely as a result of web 2.0 being present. However, now due to the changes in how media is accessed and the development of the market place is is seen that we have transitioned to now  web 3.0. This is beneficial to my proposal as it better suits interactivity and ultimately better marketing methods that target users individually. The ability to better utilize these below the lie marketing methods would mean my proposed app could be marketing directly to its intended user base with ads being suggested that directly appeal and enrage to them.

The marketplace i will be working in is health/ social sector of apps. New organisations such as ...................??????

LO4: Proposal

INTENDED IDEA
My intended idea is a health/ social based app for the mountain biking community which is a development of the magazine brand 'Seven Peaks MTB'. The app provides the ability for users to interact with one another, find local trails and rides, whilst also allowing them to review such trails and comment on them. The app also provides the ability for users to track health stats from the rides which they have taken whilst using the app.

FORMAT/TECHNOLOGIES TO BE INTEGRATED AND USED

The app will integrate the ability for users to track health and ride stats. This makes use of several technologies that have arose as a result of the digital revolution.  One such example which could be incorporated into the app would be gps, this technology would allow the app to track users workouts and where they have ridden as part of there trail, this information can then be used to give tailored information such as calorie counts and activity. Not only can this be used to give health data it could also be used to tailor adverts and content within the app, to show local information for example which would better appeal and engage with the user.

The format of the app will be clean and simple with the intention of allowing users to simply and easily navigate the app due to the intuitive design.

GOAL/PURPOSE OF THE IDEA
The goal/ purpose of this idea is to create a functional and effective app which allows users to interact with one another and broaden the mountain biking community by giving them the ability to interact, educate and compete with one another.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This app would directly target the niche audience of mountain bikers, this covers a varied age range with people of all ages partaking in the sport. However, it is likely that the app would target a more specific age within this bracket, the ages would likely range from around 16-35. This age range actively use social media and therefore would be able to easily transition into interface and be most successful among a user base of digital natives.

HOW IS THIS AN ORIGINAL IDEA/WHAT TECHNOLOGIES IS IT A DEVELOPMENT OF
This app would also be successful as currently there are very few mountain bike related apps on the App Store, neither are there any specifying on reviewing/ finding trails with a social aspect. This lack of similar apps provides a unique selling point for the product and the gap in the market provided by the unsaturated market.

VISUAL STYLE IDEAS, HOUSE STYLE
Due to the app being produced using the brand of SevenPeaks MTB magazine, it will follow very similar visual styles, ideas and house style in order to keep a consistent brand image. However, will follow a different approach to design due to the different purposes. The app will be designed to fit the conventions of a sports app, meaning the content would differ dramatically from that of the magazine.

Examples of house style and themes from the magazine design can be seen below, which will also be implemented into the app....



HOW IT WILL BE MARKETED
The app will be marketed in several ways. Most noticeably, it would be marketed and advertised within the brands magazine. The ability to use the larger structure of the brand and horizontal integration would mean that by advertising via the magazine it is a cheap, readily available and effective method of marketing. Furthermore, it directly targets the specific audience for the app, which would dramatically improve its success of gaining users, with magazine also being distributed to a large volume of people/ potential users. Similarly, to reach a large number of people with the marketing of  the product and a method that is also cheap if not free,would be marketing via social media. Social channels such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter allow you to easily set up a age free of charge whereby you can upload and distribute promotional material to market the product. Techniques such as providing giveaways and prizes would also prove highly successful in drawing in new users.

HOW CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION AND PLATFORMS ENABLE AUDIENCE TO BE REACHED
The app will be distributed in several ways in a which which maximizes the possible user base of the app. For example the app with be distributed across the two main leading app stores for portable devices, the android store and ios apple store. In addition to this, the app would also be able to be downloaded and distributed via the website also.

HOW DIFFERENT AUDIENCES CAN BE REACHED
This means that both users of android devices and Apple devices can be reached, this is crucial as these are the two main style of device which dominate the market.

WHY CHOSEN DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ARE A GOOD IDEA
As previously mentioned these distribution channels are a good idea s they are the leading ones, meaning the majority of users would be using such devices and therefore reasoning why distribute is focused on these two main areas.

DESIGN IDEAS/CAD DRAWINGS/ILLUSTRATOR OR PHOTOSHOP MOCK UPS OF THE INTERFACRE/CONTROL SYSTEMS OF THE IDEA
Below are the design ideas and mockup for the 'Seven Peaks MTB app'

Wednesday, 16 May 2018

LO3: Legal and regulatory (P4)

LO3: Legal and regulatory (P4)

For this you must think about what you are producing, look at the main regulatory bodies or legal issues (e.g. PEGI, copyright, age, data protection act, PRS etc).
You must then detail how you have considered these regulatory and legal issues and what will do to abide by these.
You must cover at least FIVE legal/regulatory.

Obscene publications Act
Illegal to publish content that may negatively influence readers/ audience.

To avoid breaching this act it will be ensured that the all the content is suitable for the public and the age of those using the app, meaning there will be no explicit content featured. In addition to this, the content of the app will no include topics that would be slanderous or have a negative impact. However, the app would feature a forum and comments section which would be harder to regulate and those using the app could post what they wanted. Therefore, to try minimise the risk of breaching this act it will be routinely checked and measures put in place to ensure the content is suitable for the target audience, such as blocking the use of specific words or terms meaning that may be deemed offensive so they cannot be posted. 

Libel Law
Illegal to publish defamatory content about a person or publish untrue information.

To avoid this law i intend to not publish false information, this will be achieved by using reliable sources in addition to referencing all sources used. It is also crucial information is reliable and accurate also to allow the app to function properly with regards to the health data aspect. Furthermore, i will avoiding portraying any bias or negative aspects to the sporting personalities that may have a harmful impact on there lives or career, again to avoid this or any prosecution the articles and segments within the app will be checked and approved by the interviewee them self.

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
The exclusive right to make copies, license of a piece of work by a creator. Protected for the lifetime of the author or for a period 70 years after death.

Consequently, permission will be needed from the models to use there image in the app and therefor will have to sign a consent and release form. This allows the image to be used freely within the app and other material. Permission may also be needed from brands featured in the app, words/ extracts featured in the articles and location permissions. To avoid potential risk of being prosecuted for breaching the copyright act, I will ensure the assets sourced have the correct permissions and license. Or alternatively I will source material that is royalty and copyright free, meaning they can be used freely without consent and risk of being prosecuted.

However, the majority of design work will be created by myself and will therefore not infringe on any copyright laws. For example the icons, layout and format of the piece.


The use of sound in the product.
Within the app they may be sound used to support the visuals, if music was to be used a license would be required. One common way that this is achieved is by buying a license from PRS. PRS is a regulatory body that pays royalties to their members when their work is performed, broadcast, streamed, downloaded, reproduced, played in public or used in film and TV. If a license or permission is not sourced this could result in prosecution. 

Data protection Act
The data protection act controls how personal information is used by organisations, businesses or the government. Within my proposed app there will be sensitive information about the users held, to allow the app to have the most functionality. This would include sensitive data such as health stats and measurements which are used to provide calorie counts and custom progress reports. Subsequently, it must be made sure that the information is, used fairly and lawfully, used for limited specific stated purposes, kept for no longer than is absolutely necessary, handled according to peoples data protection rights and is kept safe and secure. If these are not strictly followed it could result with severe repercussions and legal prosecutions due to the sensitivity of the information held.  

LO3: Ethical, social, moral (P4)

LO3: Ethical, social, moral (P4)


For this you must think about what you are producing, look at the main ethical, social and moral  legal issues (e.g. representation of groups if using images, using a range of language options and why if an app or game etc. Not encouraging anti-social behaviour, think about age of audience ).

You must then detail how you have considered these social, ethical and moral and what will do to abide by these.
You must cover at least FIVE social/legal/moral issues.

fat shaming

languages

use different age, genders, race 

Within my app there would likely be a variety of ethical, social and moral issues that would be raised. For example the representations of age, gender and race. It is essential that the app does not disctrimate against gender, race or age in order to not cause offence and better appeal to a wider audience. Subsequently, the imagery used within the app should represent a variety of races, ages and genders by using a variety of models throughout the app, this minimises the risk of offence and broadens the appeal to the target audience as users would have someone they could relate to in some form.

Other social issues that could arise as part of this use of this would be the accessibility. Similar to that of using a variety of models to appeal to wider audience, a variety of language options should also be implemented into the app. By not restricting the app to one main language, it gives for more flexibility when being used by those from other countries or those persons where by English is not their chosen language.  Subsequently, the option to choose a language from the most common alternative languages would be provided, this would translate all the content within the app making it easy to use. Furthermore, this could increase the reach of the app, the ability to change languages could make it appeal to other countries wider than intended UK market, therfore making it more popular with a wider user base. Other accesbilty elements which could be implemented would be text to speech or high contrast options for the visually impaired. 

Security would also be an issue that would have to be considered. Due to my intended app being a health app, security is essential. To function the app would collect and hold health data from the user in order to provide accurate information with regards to things such as calorie counts and progress reports. All this information recored would be considered sensitive data and therefore it would have to be protected in order for it not to used by any other persons or for any other use other than the app.  As a result, the app and information stored would have to be encrypted and only stored for the minimum amount of time necessary. 

Other ethical issues that could be encountered as a result of the production of my app in addition to representations of genders and races within the sport, would be to not body shame or promote unhealthy lifestyles. Therefore, in order to not influence users the app should not glamorise drug or supplement taking which can be present within the sporting industry. Additionally, the forum side to the app would also have to be monitored in order to ensure non of the users themselves are promoting this or being discriminatory against the users.

Safety aspects should also have to be considered, the app would  likely be glamorising the sport and therefore encourage users to take part in the sport. This could result in injury for the inexperienced. In an attempt to minimise this, the necessary health and safety guidance would be provided in addition to warnings and possible age restrictions.

Wednesday, 14 March 2018

LO2: Job roles, new and emerging (M2)

Within the production of the app there are several job roles, both new and emerging...

Cartographer-
In order to produce the maps to be used as part of the app and the functions to enable the representation of the GPS data, a cartographer would be required. A once traditional job role using physical methods of drawing pen on paper, was tedious and extremely difficult. However, in recent years this has transitioned to a more digital based process with digital drawing and illustration becoming more common and the detail and level of adjustment it provides.

Copyrighter - A copyrighter would be required to ensure the written content is grammatically correct and free of spelling errors or mistakes. However, with development of applications and products this is a role which could be irradiated, this could be beneficial to my proposal as it would reduce costs to the production company due to them not being needed to employ and extra member. This process could be done by the writer using such apps such as Grammarly, which automatically checks for errors, like a copyrighter does. However, free of charge and automatically.

Photographer - A photographer would be needed to produce the visual photography for a variety of sections within the app. However, similar to the other job roles these are also changing as a result of changes and developments in the media industry. Instead of employing a member to the team that is solely in charge of photography like what would be traditionally be done in previous years, now there is a shift to freelancers. This emerging role has become popular as a result of services and sites such as freelancer.com. This website/ service would mean that the production company for the app could employ a photographer on a one job basis to complete and produce the photos needed for the certain section, again this would reduce costs and team size.

Graphic Designer - A graphic designer would be required to design the whole aesthetics of the app. Similar to the photographer, it is now easily accessible to higher certain freelancers for a task. For example if there was a specialized element which needed designing, a illustrator or artist could be commissioned for this one piece. This expands and widens the possibilities for the design of the app.

App Software Engineers - Most importantly, the software engineers/ coders would be required to build the app and make it work. One for both ios and android would likely be required. This is an emerging job role of the last century as a result of the mass developments and influx of apps on the market place, which were not previously available or popular till the convergence of technologies into black box devices such as smartphones or tablets.

LO1: Planning and development and digital technology (M1)

PASS P1
1.       Outline what new digital media product you want to make – give the USP, gap in the market, purpose and target audience and distribution.
2.       Use the research you have done so far to discuss how the digital revolution has had an impact on your proposal for a new digital media product. 
-          This section should include overview of key digital technologies (hardware and software) that have been invented over the past 70 years.
-          Then specific to your chosen sector – what developments have there been based on what type of product you want to make?
-           What audiences can do now in relation to your idea in terms of interactivity/usability. Use theory and key terms from Unit 1, Unit 6 and Unit 7.
MERIT M1
1.       Analyse the industry and businesses (conglomerate and independent) in your relevant sector and outline how the developments within digital technologies have changed the products and distribution of the products produced. 
-          Have companies changed?
-          What new businesses have emerged?
2.       You should then discuss the marketing and product development and join venture/sponsorship opportunities generated from the relationships created between old and new companies in your sector.  Use theory and key terms from Unit 1, Unit 6 and Unit 7.


The new digital media product i want to produce would be new app in which users can interact with one another whilst review. The main premis of the app would be giving users the abilty to find and rate/ review mountain biking trails in there area, this would also be combined with a social aspect where by users can post comments, pictures, videos and other medias relating to the app.

This app would directly target the niche audience of mountain bikers, this covers a varied age range with people of all ages partaking in the sport. However, it is likely that the app would target a more specific age within this bracket, the ages would likely range from around 16-35. This age range actively use social media and therefore would be able to easily transition into interface and be most successful among a user base of digital natives. This app would also be successful as currently there are very few mountain bike related apps on the App Store, neither are there any specifying on reviewing/ finding trails with a social aspect. This lack of similar apps provides a unique selling point for the product and the gap in the market provided by the unsaturated market.

The app will also intergrate the ability for users to track health and ride stats. This makes use of several technologies that have arose as a result of the digital revolution.  One such example which could be incorporated into the app would be gps, this technology would allow the app to track users workouts and where they have ridden as part of there trail, this information can then be used to give tailored information such as calorie counts and activity. Not only can this be used to give health data it could also be used to tailor adverts and content within the app, to show local information for example which would better appeal and engage with the user. The availability of this technology for both commercial and consumer use arose as a result of digital convergence and the digital revolution. Originally, used by militaries across the world dating back to around 1959 when the Navy developed there satellite navigation system, in the years that followed this technology became more frequent and subsequently cheaper for commercial use leading to 1999 when Benfon launched the first commercially available GPS enabled mobile phone. This proved a success and was later seen to be a feature in many phones, to now whereby most modern smartphone device feature GPS tracking capabilities among other features.

Other such technologies include video and photo functionalities in smartphone devices. Within the app there will be the ability for users to create and post images and videos relating to the app in a forum based layout whereby users can interact with one another and gain feedback or inspiration for example. This feature is available as result of technological convergence and all these features being incorporated into a singular black box device/ smartphone. The first mobile to incorporate a camera into a phone was the Samsung made SCH-V200 in the year 2000, despite this it to access the photos it had to be connected to a computer, essentially meaning the camera and phone were two separate components housed in the same body. However, now modern phones seamlessly integrate several components in one small portable device, such as the 'iPhone X'.

Such blackbox devices are only accessible as a result of convergence of technologies and larger conglomerates such as the technology and manufacturing firms combining together. One such example of this would be the use of bluetooth technologies in virtually every new mobile device. This as a reuslt of the bluetooth company licesing their technolgy to smarptphone manfactruing companies. Another example within the industry is the ocnvergence of larger comapnies for specific tasks and it is becoming more common for large conglomerate companies to work as part of a joint venture to further the development of their products. One such example of this is the potential collaboration between Apple and Samsung. It is reported that the in the near future samsung may be commisedoned to produce and manufacture the screen for upcoming iphone models. This one small technical element which makes up the singular blackbox device, and the convergence of many other companies is also seen within most current mobile devices of all major tech companies. This is commonly as it is cheaper to do so, or simply more efficient as the technology is already developed and often protected by the copyright, designs and patents act. Meaning they would have to pay a fee anyway or possible get sued if they made their own iteration of the technology